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Clinical Chemistry 18: 992-995, 1972;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 18, 992-995, Copyright © 1972 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Measurements of Nickel in Serum and Urine as Indices of Environmental Exposure to Nickel

Michael D. McNeely 1, Maria W. Nechay 1, and F. William Sunderman Jr. 1

1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn. 06032.

Nickel was measured, by atomic absorption spectrometry, in serum and urine specimens from: (a) healthy hospital employees (age 19-62) who had resided >1 year in Sudbury, Ontario, and (b) healthy hospital employees (age 18-62) who had resided >1 year in Hartford, Connecticut. Subjects in groups a and b were matched according to age and sex. None of the subjects had occupational exposure to nickel. Nickel was analyzed in duplicate on a "blind" basis with specimens from groups a and b interspersed within each run. In population a, serum nickel concentrations averaged 4.6 ± 1.4 µg/liter (n = 25), urine nickel excretion 7.9 ± 3.7 µg/day (n = 19). In population b, serum nickel concentrations averaged 2.6 ± 1.0 µg/liter (n = 26), urine nickel excretion 2.5 ± 1.4 µg/ day (n = 20). These population means were all significantly different (P <0.001, t test). Serum and urinary nickel concentrations were not significantly influenced by age or sex, nor were they correlated with length of residence in either location. Nickel concentrations in municipal tap water averaged 200 ± 43 µg/liter in Sudbury (seven sites), and 1.1 ± 0.3 µg/liter in Hartford (five sites). Measurements of nickel in serum and urine are valid biological indices of environmental exposure to nickel.


Key Words: normal values • atomic absorption spectrometry • environmental pollution • trace metals

Submitted on June 23, 1972
Accepted on July 6, 1972




The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:


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[Abstract] [PDF]


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Copyright © 1972 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry.