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Clinical Chemistry 20: 1520-1527, 1974;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 20, 1520-1527, Copyright © 1974 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Factors Contributing to Intra-Individual Variation of Serum Constituents: 5. Short-Term Day-to-Day and Within-Hour Variation of Serum Constituents in Healthy Subjects

Per Winkel 1, Bernard E. Statland 2, and Henning Bokelund 3

1 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finsensinstitute, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, phgr, Denmark.
2 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn. 55455.
3 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Odense State University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

We evaluated the variations in some serum constituents in a group of healthy young men for two selected time intervals: short-term day-to-day changes and within-hour changes. In the first case, we used a two-way ANOVA model to compute the main-day effect and the subject-day interaction terms, which were combined to yield the total day-to-day variation. A main-day effect was seen to be statistically significant only for acid phosphatase, while all of the 18 serum constituents except for sodium, calcium, and albumin demonstrated a statistically significant subject-day interaction. For the within-hour biologic variation, a three-way ANOVA model was used to analyze results of duplicate serum samples drawn at 1100 h and 1130 h on two different days. Although a significant main effect of hour was found only for total lipids and alkaline phosphatase, pooling the main effect of hour, subject-hour interaction, and subject-day-hour interaction terms resulted in a chemically significant variation for potassium, total protein, albumin, iron, total lipids, cholesterol, and bilirubin. The relationship of these biological fluctuations is compared to the expected analytical variation in all cases.


Key Words: variation, source of • analysis of variance • statistics • quality control • instrumental and pre-instrumental error • normal values

Submitted on May 13, 1974




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Copyright © 1974 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry.