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Clinical Chemistry 21: 1939-1952, 1975;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 21, 1939-1952, Copyright © 1975 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry

A Systematic Approach to Enzyme Assay Optimization, Illustrated by Aminotransferase Assays

Jack W. London 1, Leslie M. Shaw 1, Donald Fetterolf 1, and David Garfinkel 1

1 The Moore School of Electrical Engineering and2 The William Pepper Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19174.

We have developed a systematic approach to optimization of reagent concentrations for assays of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase: (a) Michaelis constants describing the initial-velocity kinetics of the coupled enzyme reactions were evaluated by a nonlinear least-squares fit of the appropriate equation to measured enzyme activities. Activities of more than 50 normal and pathological sera were measured at 30 °C. (b) These kinetic equations are used to calculate the set of reagent amino- and keto-acid concentrations that all yield a selected fraction of the theoretical maximum enzyme velocity. An optimal pair is determined by defining an additional criterion, such as minimal reagent cost or minimal concentration to Km ratio. (c) The optimum amounts of reagent NADH and coupling enzyme, being a function of desired pre-incubation and measurement intervals, maximum aminotransferase activity to be measured, and endogenous keto-acid concentration, are determined by computer simulation. An approximate relationship and an exact method for computing assay lag time are presented, along with experimentally measured endogenous keto-acid concentrations in serum. All procedures may be applied to other enzyme assays if appropriately modified.


Key Words: enzyme kinetics • variation, source of • economics of laboratory operation • centrifugal analzyer

Submitted on August 18, 1975






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Copyright © 1975 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry.