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Space Flight Is Associated with Rapid Decreases of Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and Increases of Markers of Bone Resorption without Changes in Their Circadian Variation: Observations in Two Cosmonauts

¹ Bone Biology Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, 42023 Saint-Etienne cedex 2, France.

² Nuclear Medicine Department, CHU, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France.

³ Hopital Necker, 75015 Paris, France.

⁴ DLR-Institute of Aerospace Medecine, 51147 Köln, Germany.

⁵ Institute of Biochemical Problems, Moscow, Russia.

⁶ Institute of Nutrition Science, University of Bonn, Germany.
^a Address correspondence to this author at: Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux, Faculté de Médecine, 15 Rue A Pare, 42023 Saint Etienne cedex 2, France. Fax 33-4-77-57-55-72; e-mail lbto{at}univ-st-etienne.fr

Background: Microgravity induces bone loss by mechanism(s) that remain largely unknown.

Methods: We measured biochemical markers related to bone remodeling in two cosmonauts before, during, and after 21- and 180-day space flights, respectively.

Results: During both flights, type I procollagen propeptide and bone alkaline phosphatase decreased as early as 8 days after launch. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin percentage increased early and remained high during both flights. Vitamin K supplementation restored carboxylation of osteocalcin during the long-term flight. Urinary and serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) increased as early as day 8 of the flights; the increase was greater in serum than in urine. Pyridinoline, free deoxypyridinoline, and N-telopeptide increased less than CTX during the short-term space flight. The circadian rhythm of bone resorption assessed by urine CTX and free deoxypyridinoline was not altered by microgravity.

Conclusion: Vitamin K metabolism or action and bone remodeling may be altered in cosmonauts.

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