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Departments of
1
Clinical Biochemistry and
2 Internal Medicine V (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
3 Novo Nordisk, Department of Protein Chemistry, Novo Alle, DK-2880 Bagsværd, Denmark.
4 Department of Medical Anatomy B, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 N Copenhagen, Denmark.
5 Department of Medicine M, Division of Gastroenterology, Glostrup University Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
6 Department of Medicine I, Division of Gastroenterology, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
aAddress correspondence to this author at: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Fax 4589493060; e-mail else.marie.vestergaard{at}dadlnet.dk
Background: The three trefoil factors (TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3) are small peptides believed to cross-link mucous glycoproteins and to play a role in the maintenance and repair of the gastrointestinal mucosa. To define the physiologic and potential diagnostic values of TFF3, assays able to measure TFF3 are warranted.
Methods: An ELISA was developed that uses two antibodies from rabbits immunized with recombinant human TFF3 and a calibrator (3–100 pmol/L) prepared from recombinant human TFF3.
Results: The ELISA had a detection limit of 3.0 pmol/L. The imprecision (CV) was 5–9% for mean concentrations of 13–65 pmol/L, corresponding to serum concentrations of 65–330 pmol/L. There was no cross-reaction toward human TFF1 and TFF2 (40 nmol/L). Neither food intake nor the menstrual cycle influenced the values of TFF3 significantly. The central 95% reference interval for TFF3 in serum from healthy blood donors (n = 300) was 91–250 pmol/L and showed no variation with age and limited variation with sex. TFF3 was increased in serum from patients (n = 12) with inflammation and/or ulceration of the upper gastrointestinal tract (P <0.05), whereas in serial measurements of serum from three patients with severe exacerbation of chronic inflammatory bowel disease restricted to the colon, normal concentrations and only minor variations during treatment and tapering were observed.
Conclusions: The ELISA measures TFF3 in human serum and represents a specific and precise method for measurement of TFF3, which will be of value for further studies of TFF3 in health and disease.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  J. Madsen, O. Nielsen, I. Tornoe, L. Thim, and U. Holmskov Tissue Localization of Human Trefoil Factors 1, 2, and 3 J. Histochem. Cytochem., May 1, 2007; 55(5): 505 - 513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Jackerott, Y. C. Lee, K. Mollgard, H. Kofod, J. Jensen, S. Rohleder, N. Neubauer, L. W. Gaarn, J. Lykke, R. Dodge, et al. Trefoil Factors Are Expressed in Human and Rat Endocrine Pancreas: Differential Regulation by Growth Hormone Endocrinology, December 1, 2006; 147(12): 5752 - 5759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. M. Vestergaard, M. Borre, S. S. Poulsen, E. Nexo, and N. Torring Plasma Levels of Trefoil Factors are Increased in Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., February 1, 2006; 12(3): 807 - 812. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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