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Clinical Chemistry 50: 1966-1967, 2004; 10.1373/clinchem.2004.038067
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(Clinical Chemistry. 2004;50:1966-1967.)
© 2004 American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc.

Editorials

Noninvasive Lithium Monitoring

Véronique Préat

Universite Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, UCL 7320, Brussels, 1200 Belgium

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

Iontophoresis, a technique involving the application of a low electric current to the skin, has been used for drug delivery for several decades, and approved iontophoretic drug delivery devices are finally reaching the market. The mechanisms of drug transport are based on electromigration of charged molecules and/or electroosmosis (1).

As iontophoresis is electrically symmetric, endogenous substances are extracted during current application. Consequently, iontophoresis has been recently recognized to be a novel noninvasive method to obtain specimens for measurements of concentrations of endogenous compounds of interest. Because analyte extraction proceeds in the opposite direction to drug delivery, this noninvasive extraction has been termed "reverse iontophoresis". The potential exists to use this technique in clinical chemistry without blood sampling (2). The amount of substances extracted across the skin has been linearly related to the subdermal concentration and, by extrapolation, to the systemic concentration (3).

Noninvasive sampling . . . [Full Text of this Article]






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