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Breast Cancer Progression and Host Polymorphisms in the Chemokine System: Role of the Macrophage Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) –2518 G Allele

¹ Dipartimento MCO, Clinica Chirurgica Generale, Università degli Studi di Milano–Polo S. Paolo, Milan, Italy;² Laboratorio di Chimica Clinica e Microbiologia, Ospedale S. Paolo–Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy;

^aaddress correspondence to this author at: Dipartimento MCO, Clinica Chirurgica Generale, Università degli Studi di Milano–Polo S. Paolo, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, I-20142 Milan, Italy; e-mail giorgio.ghilardi@unimi.it

The first 300 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Interaction between tumor cells and stroma is essential for tumor growth. Tumor cells stimulate the formation of stromal tissue, which excretes a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and proteases. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the major components of tumor stromal tissue and are capable of eliciting diverse aspects of tumor growth as either a positive or negative regulator (1). In breast carcinoma, large numbers of infiltrating T cells and TAMs are often observed. The leukocyte infiltrate is found within the tumor stromal areas as well as in the epithelial areas that constitute the tumor mass (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).

Recent reports suggest that the inflammatory reaction at the breast tumor site affects tumor growth and progression. Whereas lymphocytes have been shown to have divergent effects on development of breast cancer (2)(10)(11)(12)(13), it is widely accepted that high concentrations of TAMs are correlated with poor prognosis (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Macrophage infiltration into tumors is regulated by several cytokines and chemokines, in particular macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). MCP-1 is a member of the C-C chemokine family and possesses chemotactic activity for monocytes and T lymphocytes (14)(15)(16)(17). MCP-1 is produced not only by tumor cells, but also by stromal cells such fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and monocytes. MCP gene transfer enhances the metastatic potential of cancer cells with increased neovascularization, whereas MCP-1 itself activates monocyte cytostatic function against tumor cells (18)(19).

Recently, several studies have focused on other chemokines and chemokine receptors . . . [Full Text of this Article]

The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:

				M. Rodero, Y. Marie, M. Coudert, E. Blondet, K. Mokhtari, A. Rousseau, W. Raoul, C. Carpentier, F. Sennlaub, P. Deterre, et al. Polymorphism in the Microglial Cell-Mobilizing CX3CR1 Gene Is Associated With Survival in Patients With Glioblastoma J. Clin. Oncol., December 20, 2008; 26(36): 5957 - 5964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Hassan, A. Baccarelli, O. Salvucci, and M. Basik Plasma Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1: Host Derived Marker Predictive of Distant Metastasis in Breast Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., January 15, 2008; 14(2): 446 - 454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]