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Clinical Chemistry 20: 470-475, 1974;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 20, 470-475, Copyright © 1974 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Enzymatic Determination of Total Serum Cholesterol

Charles C. Allain 1, Lucy S. Poon 1, Cicely S. G. Chan 1, W. Richmond 2, and Paul C. Fu 3

1 Instrument/Reagents Group, Abbott Diagnostics Division, 820 Mission St., South Pasadena, Calif. 91030.
2 Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, England.
3 Department of Pathology, Harbor General Hospital, Torrance, Calif. 90509.

An enzymatic method is described for determination of total serum cholesterol by use of a single aqueous reagent. The method requires no prior treatment of sample and the calibration curve is linear to 600 mg/dl. Cholesterol esters are hydrolyzed to free cholesterol by cholesterol ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13). The free cholesterol produced is oxidized by cholesterol oxidase to cholest-4-en-3-one with the simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide, which oxidatively couples with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol in the presence of peroxidase to yield a chromogen with maximum absorption at 500 nm. The method is reproducible, and the results correlate well with those obtained by automated Liebermann—Burchard procedures (AA-2 and SMA 12/60) and the method of Abell et al. The present method affords better specificity than those previously reported and has excellent precision.

Submitted on January 8, 1974
Accepted on January 31, 1974




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 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
M. Rizzo, R. Trepp, K. Berneis, and E. R Christ
Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and low-density lipoprotein size and subclasses in patients with growth hormone deficiency before and after short-term replacement therapy
Eur. J. Endocrinol., March 1, 2007; 156(3): 361 - 367.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Diabetes CareHome page
A. Lapolla, F. Piarulli, G. Sartore, A. Ceriello, E. Ragazzi, R. Reitano, L. Baccarin, B. Laverda, and D. Fedele
Advanced Glycation End Products and Antioxidant Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With and Without Peripheral Artery Disease
Diabetes Care, March 1, 2007; 30(3): 670 - 676.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Nutr.Home page
T. Tanaka, J. Delgado-Lista, J. Lopez-Miranda, F. Perez-Jimenez, C. Marin, P. Perez-Martinez, P. Gomez, and J. M. Ordovas
Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I (SCARB1) c.1119C>T Polymorphism Affects Postprandial Triglyceride Metabolism in Men
J. Nutr., March 1, 2007; 137(3): 578 - 582.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch Intern MedHome page
C. D. Gardner, L. D. Lawson, E. Block, L. M. Chatterjee, A. Kiazand, R. R. Balise, and H. C. Kraemer
Effect of Raw Garlic vs Commercial Garlic Supplements on Plasma Lipid Concentrations in Adults With Moderate Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Arch Intern Med, February 26, 2007; 167(4): 346 - 353.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Br. J. PsychiatryHome page
M. R. GARLAND, B. HALLAHAN, M. McNAMARA, P. A. CARNEY, H. GRIMES, J. R. HIBBELN, A. HARKIN, and R. M. CONROY
Lipids and essential fatty acids in patients presenting with self-harm
The British Journal of Psychiatry, February 1, 2007; 190(2): 112 - 117.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
A. T Merchant, S. S Anand, L. E Kelemen, V. Vuksan, R. Jacobs, B. Davis, K. Teo, S. Yusuf, and for the SHARE and SHARE-AP Investigators
Carbohydrate intake and HDL in a multiethnic population
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2007; 85(1): 225 - 230.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. Berneis, M. Rizzo, V. Lazzaroni, F. Fruzzetti, and E. Carmina
Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype and Low-Density Lipoproteins Size and Subclasses in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2007; 92(1): 186 - 189.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur J Heart FailHome page
Y.-J. Yang, J.-L. Zhao, S.-J. You, Y.-J. Wu, Z.-C. Jing, R.-L. Gao, and Z.-J. Chen
Post-infarction treatment with simvastatin reduces myocardial no-reflow by opening of the KATP channel
Eur J Heart Fail, January 1, 2007; 9(1): 30 - 36.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
T.-M. Lee, M.-S. Lin, C.-H. Tsai, C.-L. Huang, and N.-C. Chang
Effects of sulfonylureas on left ventricular mass in type 2 diabetic patients
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): H608 - H613.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
J. A Mares, T. L LaRowe, D M. Snodderly, S. M Moeller, M. J Gruber, M. L Klein, B. R Wooten, E. J Johnson, R. J Chappell, and for the CAREDS Macular Pigment Study Group and Inv
Predictors of optical density of lutein and zeaxanthin in retinas of older women in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study, an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative.
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2006; 84(5): 1107 - 1122.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am J Trop Med HygHome page
E. A. G. REIS, M. G. REIS, R. DE CASSIA R. SILVA, T. M. A. CARMO, A. M. O. ASSIS, M. L. BARRETO, I. M. PARRAGA, M. L. P. SANTANA, and R. E. BLANTON
BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGIC PREDICTORS OF EFFICACY OF TREATMENT OR REINFECTION RISK FOR SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI
Am J Trop Med Hyg, November 1, 2006; 75(5): 904 - 909.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Lipid Res.Home page
E. Anuurad, J. Rubin, G. Lu, T. A. Pearson, S. Holleran, R. Ramakrishnan, and L. Berglund
Protective effect of apolipoprotein E2 on coronary artery disease in African Americans is mediated through lipoprotein cholesterol
J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2006; 47(11): 2475 - 2481.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am J EpidemiolHome page
T. Costacou, Y. Chang, R. E. Ferrell, and T. J. Orchard
Identifying Genetic Susceptibilities to Diabetes-related Complications among Individuals at Low Risk of Complications: An Application of Tree-Structured Survival Analysis
Am. J. Epidemiol., November 1, 2006; 164(9): 862 - 872.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Nutr.Home page
S. Shrestha, J. S. Volek, J. Udani, R. J.Wood, C. M. Greene, D. Aggarwal, J. H. Contois, B. Kavoussi, and M. L. Fernandez
A Combination Therapy Including Psyllium and Plant Sterols Lowers LDL Cholesterol by Modifying Lipoprotein Metabolism in Hypercholesterolemic Individuals
J. Nutr., October 1, 2006; 136(10): 2492 - 2497.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Nutr.Home page
E. F. Goodrow, T. A. Wilson, S. C. Houde, R. Vishwanathan, P. A. Scollin, G. Handelman, and R. J. Nicolosi
Consumption of One Egg Per Day Increases Serum Lutein and Zeaxanthin Concentrations in Older Adults without Altering Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations
J. Nutr., October 1, 2006; 136(10): 2519 - 2524.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
N. F Butte, G. Cai, S. A Cole, and A. G Comuzzie
Viva la Familia Study: genetic and environmental contributions to childhood obesity and its comorbidities in the Hispanic population.
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2006; 84(3): 646 - 654.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
Kevin. A. Jacobs, R. M. Krauss, J. A. Fattor, M. A. Horning, A. L. Friedlander, T. A. Bauer, T. A. Hagobian, E. E. Wolfel, and G. A. Brooks
Endurance training has little effect on active muscle free fatty acid, lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglyceride net balances
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2006; 291(3): E656 - E665.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Diabetes CareHome page
N. D. Barnard, J. Cohen, D. J.A. Jenkins, G. Turner-McGrievy, L. Gloede, B. Jaster, K. Seidl, A. A. Green, and S. Talpers
A Low-Fat Vegan Diet Improves Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, August 1, 2006; 29(8): 1777 - 1783.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Diabetes CareHome page
F. G.S. Toledo, A. D. Sniderman, and D. E. Kelley
Influence of Hepatic Steatosis (Fatty Liver) on Severity and Composition of Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, August 1, 2006; 29(8): 1845 - 1850.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Diabetes CareHome page
J. C. Zgibor, G. A. Piatt, K. Ruppert, T. J. Orchard, and M. S. Roberts
Deficiencies of Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Models for Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, August 1, 2006; 29(8): 1860 - 1865.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch OphthalmolHome page
S. M. Moeller, N. Parekh, L. Tinker, C. Ritenbaugh, B. Blodi, R. B. Wallace, J. A. Mares, and for the CAREDS Research Study Group
Associations Between Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Lutein and Zeaxanthin in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS): Ancillary Study of the Women's Health Initiative.
Arch Ophthalmol, August 1, 2006; 124(8): 1151 - 1162.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Nutr.Home page
X. Xia, W. Ling, J. Ma, M. Xia, M. Hou, Q. Wang, H. Zhu, and Z. Tang
An Anthocyanin-Rich Extract from Black Rice Enhances Atherosclerotic Plaque Stabilization in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice
J. Nutr., August 1, 2006; 136(8): 2220 - 2225.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
P. K. Garg, L. Tian, M. H. Criqui, K. Liu, L. Ferrucci, J. M. Guralnik, J. Tan, and M. M. McDermott
Physical Activity During Daily Life and Mortality in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Circulation, July 18, 2006; 114(3): 242 - 248.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
T. Hayashi, T. Esaki, D. Sumi, T. Mukherjee, A. Iguchi, and G. Chaudhuri
Modulating role of estradiol on arginase II expression in hyperlipidemic rabbits as an atheroprotective mechanism
PNAS, July 5, 2006; 103(27): 10485 - 10490.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
S. M Robinson, S. F Batelaan, H. E Syddall, A. A. Sayer, E. M Dennison, H. J Martin, D. J Barker, C. Cooper, and the Hertfordshire Cohort Study Group
Combined effects of dietary fat and birth weight on serum cholesterol concentrations: the Hertfordshire Cohort Study
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2006; 84(1): 237 - 244.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Nutr.Home page
M. R. Adams, D. L. Golden, H. Chen, T. C. Register, and E. T. Gugger
A Diet Rich in Green and Yellow Vegetables Inhibits Atherosclerosis in Mice
J. Nutr., July 1, 2006; 136(7): 1886 - 1889.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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